Resources (in alphabetical order)
Baccini, P. and Brunner, P. H., 2012. Metabolism of the Anthroposphere: Analysis, Evaluation, Design. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Baumann, H., and Tillman, A.-M., 2004. The Hitch Hiker’s Guide to LCA: An orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application. Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden.
Codoban, N., and Kennedy, C. A., 2008. Metabolism of Neighbourhoods. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 134 (1): 21-31.
Duvigneaud, P. and S. Denayeyer-De Smet, 1977. L’Ecosystéme Urbs, in L’Ecosystéme Urbain Bruxellois, in Productivité en Belgique, edited by P. Duvigneaud and P. Kestemont, Traveaux de la Section Belge du Programme Biologique International, Bruxelles: 581-597.
Hanya, T., and Ambe, Y., 1976. A study on the metabolism of cities. In: Science for a Better Environment. HSEC, Science Council of Japan, 228-233.
Hendriks, C., Obernosterer, R., Muller, D., Kytzia, S., Baccini, P., Brunner, P.H., 2000. Material flow analysis: a tool to support environmental policy decision making. Case studies on the city of Vienna and the Swiss lowlands. Local Environment, 5 (3): 311-328.
Ibrahim, N., Sugar, L., Hoornweg, D., and Kennedy, C., 2012. Greenhouse gas emissions from cities: comparison of international inventory frameworks. Journal of Local Environment, 17 (2): 223-241.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2006. “ISO 14044:2006, Environmental Management -- Life Cycle Assessment -- Principles and framework”, Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html
Junnila, S. and Horvath, A., 2003. Life-cycle environmental effects of an office building. ASCE Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 9 (4): 157-166.
Kennedy, C., 2012. A Mathematical Description of Urban Metabolism. In: Sustainability Science: The Emerging Paradigm and the Urban Environment, M.P. Weinstein and R.E. Turner (eds.). Springer.
Kennedy, C.A., J. Cuddihy, and J. Engel Yan, 2007. The changing metabolism of cities. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11 (2): 43- 59.
Kennedy, C., Pincetl, S., and Bunje, P., 2011. The study of urban metabolism and its applications to urban planning and design. Environmental Pollution, 159, 1965-1973.
Kennedy, C.A., and Hoornweg, D., 2012. Mainstreaming Urban Metabolism. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 16 (6): 780-782.
Meadows, D. L., Meadows, D. H. Randers, J., and Behrens III, W. W., 1972. The Limits to Growth. Universe Books, New York, NY, USA.
“Metabolism”. British Dictionary http://www.dictionary.com/browse/metabolism
Metabolism of Cities. https://metabolismofcities.org/
Metabolisme Urbain de Paris. http://metabolisme.paris.fr/
Newcombe, K., J.D. Kalina, and A.R. Aston, 1978. The metabolism of a city: The case of Hong Kong. Ambio, 7: 3-15.
Newman, P.W.G., 1999. Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model. Landscape and Urban Planning, 44 (4): 219-226.
Norman, J., MacLean, H., and Kennedy, C. A., 2006. Comparing high and low residential density: A life-cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 132 (1): 10-21.
Oswald, F., and Baccini, P., 2003. Netzstadt: Designing the Urban. Birkhäuser, Basel.
Sahely, H. R., and Kennedy, C. A., 2007. Water Use Model for Quantifying Environmental and Economic Sustainability Indicators. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 133 (6): 550-559.
Stanhill, G., 1977. An Urban Agro-Ecosystem: The Example of Nineteenth-Century Paris, Agro-Ecosystems, 3, 269-284.
Wolman, A., 1965. The metabolism of cities. Scientific American, 213 (3): 179-190.
Zucchetto, J., 1975. Energy-economic theory and mathematical models for combining the systems of man and nature, case study: The urban region of Miami, Florida. Ecological Modelling, 1 (4): 241-268.
WRI/C40/ICLEI, 2014. Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC), World Resources Institute, C40 Cities and ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability.
https://www.wri.org/publication/global-protocol-community-scale-greenhouse-gas-emission-inventories and http://c40-production-images.s3.amazonaws.com/other_uploads/images/143_GHGP_GPC_1.0.original.pdf?1426866613
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cities Comparison of International Inventory Frameworks, A Draft Working Paper by UNEP, UN-Habitat and World Bank under the Joint Work Program for Cities and Climate Change. An informal working paper by Lorraine Sugar, Dan Hoornweg and Chris Kennedy with input from Soraya Smaoun, UNEP, Raf Tuts & Bob Kehew, UN-Habitat. UNEP/UN-Habitat/WB (UNEP, UN-Habitat, and the World Bank), 2010. International Standard for Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cities, Version 2.2. World Urban Forum, Brazil: March 2010. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTUWM/Resources/340232-1303927718626/GHG_ReportingDraftAnnex_1.pdf
City Examples (in order of appearance)
World Council on City Data: Open Data Portal http://open.dataforcities.org/
Module Cover Image
View of Kigali, Rwanda by oledoe is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 on Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/oledoe/264341670
Images (in order of appearance)
Midtown Manhattan by Patrick Theiner is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 on Wikimedia Commons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Midtown_manhattan.jpg
Shanghai – Skyline Sunset 0057 by Stefan Fussan is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 on Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shanghai_-_Skyline_Sunset_0057.jpg
Skyline - Paris, France at night by Jim Trodel is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 on flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/trodel/3598596311
Pen and Notebook by Negative Space on StockSnap https://stocksnap.io/photo/D0IYVWQ0KV
Anatomy Figure Vector Clipart on GoodFreePhotos https://www.goodfreephotos.com/vector-images/anatomy-figure-vector-clipart.png.php
Abel Wolman on Hopkins Retrospective, Johns Hopkins University http://retrospective.jhu.edu/our-collection/abel-wolman?backLinkHome=true
BUFFALO WATERFRONT. DISCOLORED AREA IS POLLUTED WATER FLOWING INTO LAKE ERIE FROM THE BUFFALO RIVER - NARA – 549528 by U.S. National Archives and Records Administration on Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BUFFALO_WATERFRONT._DISCOLORED_AREA_IS_POLLUTED_WATER_FLOWING_INTO_LAKE_ERIE_FROM_THE_BUFFALO_RIVER_-_NARA_-_549528.jpg
Herbert Girardet on World Future Council https://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/p/herbert-girardet/
Metabolism of the Anthroposphere book cover, first edition on Amazon https://www.amazon.com/Metabolism-Anthroposphere-Peter-Baccini/dp/3662026945
Metabolism of the Anthroposphere book cover, second edition on MIT Press https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/metabolism-anthroposphere-second-edition
The Sun 4 on Public Domain Pictures https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=181319&picture=the-sun-4
Howard T. Odum by Mtbrown8 is licensed under CC BY 3.0 on Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odum,_Howard_T.jpg
MFA System 1 by Stefan Pauliuk is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 on Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MFASystem_1.png
Peter Baccini by Pietro Scheurer is licensed by CC BY-SA 3.0 on Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prof._Peter_Baccini.jpg
Paul H. Brunner on TUWein https://www.tuwien.ac.at/aktuelles/news_detail/article/124434/
Book Cover of The Hitch Hiker’s Guide to LCA on Google Books https://books.google.ca/books/about/The_Hitch_Hiker_s_Guide_to_LCA.html?id=3QdsQgAACAAJ&source=kp_cover&redir_esc=y
Memories of 1973 by Paul Townsend is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 on Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/brizzlebornandbred/38237607031
Book Cover of The Limits to Growth on The Donella Meadows Institute http://www.donellameadows.org/wp-content/userfiles/Limits-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf
Restaurang Strömmen Coca Cola-skylt by Holger.Ellgaard is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 on Wikimedia Commons https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil:Restaurang_Str%C3%B6mmen_Coca_Cola-skylt.jpg
USA Flag button by Laformation.ma https://www.laformation.ma/international/etudes-a-letranger/etudier-aux-etats-unis-.html
Glass milk bottles on pxhere https://pxhere.com/en/photo/648665
United Kingdom England Flag by OpenClipart-Vectors on Pixabay https://pixabay.com/en/united-kingdom-england-flag-country-156243/
Mid Devon: Ashley Recycling Centre by Lewis Clarke is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 on Geograph https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5642536
German Flag by OpenClipart-Vectors on Pixabay https://pixabay.com/en/germany-flag-country-nationality-156642/
Assorted plastic bottles by mali maeder on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/photo/assorted-plastic-bottles-802221/
Sweden Flag by OpenClipart-Vectors on Pixabay https://pixabay.com/en/sweden-flag-country-nationality-156356/
1-2-3 Free Stock Photo on Joinin https://jooinn.com/1-2-3.html#gal_post_81489_1-2-3-1.jpg
Operational Boundaries of GHG Emissions on World Resources Institute http://www.wri.org/resources/charts-graphs/operational-boundaries-ghg-emissions
Scope 1 2 3 in ADEME [Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maitrise de l’Energie]. 2007. Bilan Carbone, Version 5.0, methodological guide for companies and local authorities version. www.ademe.fr/bilan-carbone