© Course Author(s) and University of Waterloo.
Nadine Ibrahim. (2019, June 6). Ecological Design by Todd and Todd. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZwm14R9M5U
John Todd and Nancy Todd develop the idea of eco-cities, which integrates agriculture and water in green urban settings, and they introduce living machines, which are technological interventions that are grounded in the principles of biodiversity and systems-wide ecological thinking. Their designs, whether applicable to cities or machines are made on the basis of the nine precepts of biological design.